Cannabis, also known as marijuana, has been used for thousands of years by different cultures around the world for a variety of purposes.
Cannabis effects on humans dates back to ancient civilizations such as the Chinese who used it for medicinally. In India it was used as part of spiritual and religious practices whereas in the Americas, indigenous populations used it for both medicinal and recreational purposes.
Throughout history, cannabis has been consumed in a variety of ways depending on the culture and region. Some cultures smoked it, while others brewed it into tea or used it in cooking.
In recent years, medical science has begun to recognise the benefits of cannabis. Studies have shown that cannabis can be effective in treating conditions such as chronic pain, nausea, and anxiety. This has led to changes in laws around the world, with many countries legalising cannabis for medical use.
You can read our recent article about the current laws in Thailand here.
Overall, with the legalisation of cannabis in many parts of the world, it is now easier than ever to enjoy the benefits of this versatile plant. Whether consumed for recreational or medicinal purposes, cannabis can provide a range of benefits and may be worth exploring for those interested in alternative forms of healing or relaxation.
In this article we will look at the chemical reasons cannabis plants effect us and 7 best ways to consume it.
Cannabis Effects
Cannabis, also known as marijuana or weed, has been a controversial topic for decades. However, with more research being conducted on this plant, we are learning about the various positive effects it can have on the human body and mind.
One of the most well-known effects of cannabis is the feeling of euphoria, which can often result in uncontrollable giggling. This is due to the active ingredient in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which binds to the brain’s receptors and releases dopamine, the “feel-good” chemical. This effect can be beneficial in reducing stress and anxiety levels, as well as enhancing mood.
Another effect of cannabis is an increase in appetite, commonly referred to as “the munchies.” This effect is due to THC’s ability to activate the brain’s hunger center, making food seem more appealing. While this effect can be seen as a negative side effect, it can also be beneficial for those suffering from conditions that cause a loss of appetite, such as cancer and HIV/AIDS.
In addition to these recreational effects, cannabis also has numerous medicinal benefits. Cannabis has been shown to alleviate chronic pain, reduce inflammation, and improve symptoms of multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. It has also been found to have anti-anxiety and anti-depressant properties, making it a potential alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals.
One of the most well-known medicinal uses of cannabis is for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The active ingredients in cannabis have been found to be effective in reducing these symptoms, allowing patients to better tolerate their treatments.
Overall, cannabis has a variety of positive effects on both the mind and body. While its recreational effects are often the most talked about, its medicinal benefits should not be overlooked. As research continues to uncover more about this plant, we may discover even more potential uses for cannabis in the future.
You can learn about different strains, their history, characteristics and individual effects here.
What causes the effects of cannabis?
The effects of cannabis are caused by the interaction of various compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS).
The ECS is a complex network of receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids that help regulate various bodily functions such as mood, appetite, and sleep. When cannabis is consumed, the cannabinoids in the plant, such as THC and CBD, bind to the receptors in the ECS and modulate their activity, leading to the characteristic effects of cannabis.
The specific effects of cannabis can vary depending on the strain, consumption method, and individual biology, among other factors.
The best known cannabinoids: THC and CBD
THC and CBD are two of the most well-known and studied cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. Both THC and CBD interact with the endocannabinoid system in the body, but they have different effects and properties.
THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the cannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive effects commonly associated with cannabis use. THC binds to the CB1 receptors in the brain, which leads to feelings of euphoria, relaxation, and altered perception. THC can also cause some adverse effects, such as paranoia, anxiety, and short-term memory impairment.
THC is commonly used for recreational purposes, but it also has medicinal properties, such as pain relief, appetite stimulation, and nausea reduction.
Check out our dedicated blog post on THC here.
CBD, or cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that is gaining popularity for its potential therapeutic benefits. CBD has been found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. It also has anticonvulsant properties, which have led to the FDA approving a CBD-based drug called Epidiolex for the treatment of two rare forms of epilepsy.
Unlike THC, CBD does not bind to CB1 receptors and does not produce any intoxicating effects.
CBD and THC also have different legal statuses. While THC is still illegal in many parts of the world, CBD has been legalized for medical and even recreational use in some regions. However, the legal status of both cannabinoids is constantly evolving and can vary depending on local laws and regulations.
It is important to note that THC and CBD are just two of the many cannabinoids found in cannabis plants, and they often work together to produce the plant’s overall effects. This is known as the entourage effect, which refers to the synergistic interaction between different compounds in cannabis. Different strains of cannabis contain different ratios of THC and CBD, as well as other cannabinoids and terpenes, which can lead to varying effects and experiences for users.
What are Terpenes?
Terpenes are a class of organic compounds found in cannabis plants, as well as many other plants, that are responsible for their distinct aromas and flavors.
Terpenes are synthesized by the same glands in cannabis plants that produce THC and CBD, the two primary cannabinoids found in the plant. While terpenes are not unique to cannabis, they have been found to play a significant role in the plant’s overall effects on users.
There are over 100 different terpenes found in cannabis, each with its unique aroma, flavor, and potential effects. Some of the most commonly found terpenes in cannabis include limonene, myrcene, pinene, linalool, and beta-caryophyllene.
- Myrcene: One of the most common cannabis terpenes, myrcene is also found in many other plants including hops and thyme. It has a musky, earthy aroma, a sedating effect along and antiseptic properties. Myrcene is often seen as a sleep aid.
- Limonene: Known to improve mood and reduce stress, it is commonly found in citrus plants that have a lemony scent. Also has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant benefits
- Caryophyllene: Binds to cannabinoid receptors in the endocannabinoid system, has anti-inflammatory effects
In addition to their potential effects on cannabis users, terpenes are also believed to have various medicinal properties. Some terpenes have been found to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and even anticancer properties, making them potentially useful in the treatment of various medical conditions.
The effects of terpenes on cannabis users are thought to be due to their interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the body. The ECS is a complex system of receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids that help regulate various bodily functions such as mood, appetite, and sleep. Terpenes are thought to interact with the ECS by modulating the activity of different receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids, thereby altering the overall effects of cannabis.
Overall, terpenes are a fascinating and important component of cannabis that play a significant role in its overall effects on users. By understanding the different terpenes found in cannabis and their potential effects, users can make more informed choices about the strains and products they consume, as well as potentially benefiting from their medicinal properties.
If you would like to learn more about terpenes follow this link to our indepth article.
Explaining Flavonoids
Flavonoids are a group of phytonutrients, or plant chemicals, that are found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, including cannabis.
Flavonoids are responsible for the bright colors of fruits and vegetables, and they also play important roles in plant growth and defense mechanisms. In cannabis, flavonoids are produced in the trichomes, the same structures that produce cannabinoids and terpenes.
There are over 20 different flavonoids that have been identified in cannabis, including cannflavin A, cannflavin B, quercetin, and kaempferol.
These flavonoids have been found to have a variety of potential therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, research on flavonoids in cannabis is still in its early stages, and more studies are needed to fully understand their potential benefits.
Flavonoids also play a role in the entourage effect, which is the synergistic interaction between different compounds in cannabis. Flavonoids have been found to enhance the effects of cannabinoids and terpenes, and they may also contribute to the overall flavor and aroma of different cannabis strains.
While flavonoids are not as well-known as cannabinoids and terpenes, they are an important component of the complex chemical profile of cannabis. Understanding the potential benefits and effects of flavonoids can help cannabis users make more informed choices about the strains and products they consume.
Entourage effect – working together is the key to success
The entourage effect is a term used to describe the way that different compounds in cannabis work together to produce a synergistic effect. This means that the different compounds in cannabis combine to produce a more powerful effect than they would on their own. This is one of the reasons why consuming cannabis in its natural form is often more effective than consuming isolated compounds.
So, in theory, taking pure CBD or THC isn’t as beneficial as consuming the “entire plant.”
CBD and THC are two well-known compounds found in cannabis plants. However, the trichomes also have several other minor cannabinoids that make up the overall benefits of a particular strain.
When we smoke marijuana, many cannabinoids enter our bodies, each with unique properties and effects. Depending on how they interact, these effects will change. This is what the entourage effect is all about.
For many people can be Cannabinoids an effective treatment for a variety of conditions and diseases. They have been shown to be effective in treating pain, inflammation, anxiety, and depression. Cannabinoids are also effective in treating cancer, obesity, and epilepsy.
Is there scientific evidence to support the entourage effect?
New evidence is suggesting that there may be therapeutic benefits to the entourage effect when it comes to cannabinoids. The group dynamics of all cannabinoids and other compounds working together can lead to more-powerful effects, and possibly help magnify their therapeutic benefits. More research is needed to determine if this process actually does work. But the data that does exist offers some hope for those in need of better reading skills.
There was a study in 2010 called Taming THC. It remains the benchmark in fully understanding the entourage effect. The study makes several compelling points, such as…
- Memory loss caused by THC can be counteracted by the terpene pinene
- CBD can also enhance the effects of THC, as made evident in a 2010 clinical study involving the marijuana medication Sativex (equal parts of THC and CBD) for cancer pain. Some patients were given Sativex while others were given just pure THC and placebo. Sativex was found to reduce the pain in cancer patients significantly – reporting better success than those who took pure THC.
- CBD and limonene may work together to reduce anxiety
- CBD can also negate the effects of THC because of the way it works with the endocannabinoid system. In other words, CBD can make you less stoned and paranoid and can potentially be used in medications driven by THC.
But that’s not all:
- A 2018 meta-analysis revealed that pure CBD extracts were not as effective as CBD mixed with other cannabinoids and terpenes when it came to reducing the occurrence of seizures in epilepsy patients
- Another 2018 study explored the antitumor benefits of cannabis in preclinical models of breast cancer. It concluded that the antitumor effects of cannabis extract treatment (cannabinoids combined with other compounds) were far superior to that of pure THC
CBD alone is not as effective as it is with other cannabinoids, like terpenes. The numerous occurrences that have set the foundation for the medical marijuana industry show us a common theme.
For example, if you’re looking for a CBD extract, it might be best to buy one that is full-spectrum or broad-spectrum.
How to consume cannabis
There are several ways to consume cannabis, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some of the most common methods
1. Smoking
Smoking is perhaps the most traditional and common method of consuming cannabis. This method involves rolling dried cannabis flowers into a joint or packing them into a bowl or pipe and smoking them. Smoking delivers the effects of cannabis quickly and efficiently, but it can also be harsh on the lungs and lead to respiratory issues.
2. Vaporizing
Vaporizing, or “vaping,” involves heating dried cannabis flowers or cannabis oil to a temperature that releases the cannabinoids and terpenes in the form of a vapor. Vaporizing is less harsh on the lungs than smoking, and it can also provide more control over the temperature and dosage. However, vaporizers can be expensive, and there is still some uncertainty about the long-term health effects of vaping.
3. Edibles
Edibles are cannabis-infused food products, such as brownies, gummies, and chocolates. Edibles can take longer to take effect than smoking or vaporizing, but they can also provide a longer-lasting and more intense high. However, it can be difficult to control the dosage of edibles, and consuming too much can lead to unpleasant effects such as paranoia and anxiety.
4. Tinctures
Tinctures are liquid extracts of cannabis that are taken orally. They are usually administered using a dropper, and the effects can be felt within minutes. Tinctures can be more precise in dosing than edibles, but they can also be expensive and difficult to find.
5. Topicals
Topicals are cannabis-infused creams, balms, and lotions that are applied directly to the skin. They can provide localized pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects without producing any psychoactive effects. However, topicals are not absorbed into the bloodstream, so they are not effective for systemic relief.
6. Sublinguals
Sublinguals are cannabis products that are placed under the tongue, such as oils, sprays, and lozenges. They are absorbed into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes, and the effects can be felt within minutes. Sublinguals can provide precise dosing and a discreet way to consume cannabis.
7. Dabbing
Dabbing involves heating cannabis concentrates, such as wax, shatter, or oil, on a hot surface and inhaling the vapor through a dab rig. Dabbing can produce a quick and intense high, but it can also be dangerous if not done properly.
Overall, the method of cannabis consumption that is right for you will depend on your preferences, needs, and lifestyle. It is important to understand the pros and cons of each method and to experiment with different strains and products to find the best fit for you.
Tips when smoking weed
Next time you’re smoking marijuana, try eating some mangos first. The effects will take longer to kick in, but they’ll be much more intense than simply smoking the plant. This is because mangos are rich in myrcene, which interacts with cannabis and your ECS to heighten the benefits of both.
The bottom line is that when terpenes and cannabinoids interact, different ones might interact with each other, and external cannabinoids could work with the ones produced by our bodies— all these things are happening in your endocannabinoid system.
All this synergy is expected to produce favorable outcomes and medicinal benefits.
If you’ve been using cannabis for a while and you’d like to learn about reducing your tolerance click here.
Consuming marijuana safely
Consuming cannabis can be a fun and enjoyable experience, but it is important to consume it safely and responsibly. Here are some tips to improve your cannabis high and consume safely:
1. Start low and go slow: Whether you are a seasoned cannabis user or trying it for the first time, it is important to start with a low dosage and gradually increase it until you find the level that works best for you. This can help prevent overconsumption and minimize the risk of negative side effects.
2. Choose your strains carefully: Different strains of cannabis can have different effects on your body and mind. It is important to choose strains that are appropriate for your needs and preferences. Indica strains are known for their relaxing effects, while sativa strains are known for their energizing effects. Hybrid strains combine the effects of both.
3. Consider the entourage effect: The entourage effect is the synergistic interaction between different compounds in cannabis, such as cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. By choosing strains that have a balanced and diverse chemical profile, you may be able to enhance the overall effects of cannabis.
4. Use cannabis in a safe and comfortable environment: It is important to use cannabis in a safe and comfortable environment where you feel relaxed and at ease. This can help reduce the risk of anxiety or paranoia, and enhance the overall experience.
5. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery: Cannabis can impair your motor skills and reaction times, making it dangerous to drive or operate heavy machinery while under the influence. If you need to travel, consider using public transportation or arranging for a designated driver.
6. Stay hydrated and nourished: Cannabis can cause dry mouth and increased appetite. It is important to stay hydrated and nourished while using cannabis to avoid dehydration and other negative side effects.
7. Know your limits and listen to your body: Cannabis affects everyone differently, and it is important to know your limits and listen to your body. If you start to feel uncomfortable or experience negative side effects, it is important to stop using cannabis and seek medical attention if necessary.
By following these tips, you can improve your cannabis high and consume it safely and responsibly. Always remember to check local laws and regulations regarding cannabis consumption and purchase products from reputable sources.
To sum up the benefits of cannabis
In conclusion, cannabis has many potential benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and improved sleep. However, it is important to consume it safely and responsibly.
By choosing the right strains, using it in a safe and comfortable environment, staying hydrated and nourished, and knowing your limits, you can enhance your cannabis experience and minimize the risk of negative side effects.
Additionally, with the various ways to consume cannabis, including smoking, vaping, edibles, and tinctures, you can choose the method that works best for you.
Overall, with responsible use and a focus on maximizing the benefits of cannabis, it can be a valuable tool for enhancing overall health and wellness.
As the cannabis industry grows in Thailand thanks to its favorable laws, it is entering into people’s everyday life. Whether it be in medicines used to treat illnesses or simply for general well-being, many people have accepted the benefits of cannabis and are willing to give it a try.
Despite the popularity of THC and CBD, there are many other cannabinoids that have yet to be fully researched. There’s a variety of medicinal properties that we’ve only begun to explore. The possibilities are limitless!
Marijuana plant breeders are starting to add terpenes and cannabinoids to their strains, enhancing their potential for medical applications. As more people become interested in this movement, the closer we’ll get to establishing the full benefits of marijuana.
